What causes violent crime? It’s an important question, and one that is at the heart of criminology. A large number of factors have been suggested as possible causes and found to correlate with criminal activity (check out this book for a general overview of past research). Among the most important environmental factors are poverty, childhood maltreatment (that is being bullied, neglected, or abused as a child), and low success in school. Some characteristics of individuals also tend to be associated with higher levels of criminality. In particular, if you are any of the following, then you are part of a group with a statistically higher than average tendency to commit crimes: mentally ill (for example, clinically depressed or schizophrenic), male, 20-30 years old, or black. Of course, the first thing I should mention is that correlations are not the same thing as causation. Hence, all or none of these things may actually cause people to commit crimes. It’s important to realize that the factors are so numerous and their relationships with each other so complex that what the causes of crime really are is incredibly controversial even among the world’s leading researchers. Read more ›